The question “what batteries are in vapes?” appears simple at first glance, but the reality stretches across chemistry, engineering, safety standards, and user experience. Modern vaping devices – ranging from ultra‑compact disposable sticks to sophisticated box mods – rely on a handful of battery technologies, each with its own set‑of‑characteristics that dictate performance, longevity, and how the device feels in the hand. Understanding these nuances not only helps a vaper choose the right product, it also empowers safer usage, prolongs the life of the equipment, and ensures compliance with regional regulations such as Australia’s TGO 110 standard. In the sections that follow, we will dissect every facet of vape‑battery technology, from the basic chemistry that powers a pod to the intricate safety circuits that protect against over‑discharge. The goal is to give you a complete, evidence‑based picture that resolves every angle of the original query.
1. The Core Chemistry: Lithium‑Ion vs. Lithium‑Polymer
1.1 Lithium‑Ion (Li‑Ion) Cells
Lithium‑ion batteries dominate the vape market because they combine high energy density with a relatively flat discharge curve. A typical Li‑ion cylindrical cell (often designated 18650, 20700, 21700, or the newer 20700‑P) contains a graphite anode, a lithium metal oxide cathode (commonly LiCoO₂, LiNiMnCoO₂, or LiNiCoAlO₂), and a liquid electrolyte of lithium salts dissolved in a carbon‑based solvent.
- Voltage Profile – Nominal voltage is 3.6 V (or 3.7 V for newer chemistries). The cell starts at ~4.2 V when fully charged and drops to about 3.0 V at the end of its usable capacity, providing a stable power delivery for the atomizer.
- Capacity Range – Modern 18650 cells range from 2,200 mAh to 3,500 mAh, delivering between 8 Wh and 13 Wh of energy. Larger cells such as 21700 can exceed 5,000 mAh, supporting high‑wattage mods with ease.
- Discharge Capability – Continuous discharge rates (C‑rating) can vary from 5 A up to 30 A for high‑performance variants. For vaping, a minimum of 10 A is considered safe for most sub‑ohm setups.
- Pros – Proven technology, wide availability, robust safety features when paired with proper circuitry, high energy density, and good temperature stability.
- Cons – Rigid cylindrical shape limits device slimness, and the liquid electrolyte can be a fire hazard if the cell is punctured or short‑circuited.
1.2 Lithium‑Polymer (Li‑Po) Cells
Lithium‑polymer batteries replace the liquid electrolyte with a solid or gel polymer, allowing the cell to be molded into thin, flat shapes. The chemistry is similar to Li‑ion (graphite anode, lithium metal oxide cathode), but the form factor changes the mechanical and thermal properties.
- Voltage Profile – Identical nominal voltage (3.6‑3.7 V) and charge/discharge limits to Li‑ion, making them directly interchangeable in most devices.
- Capacity Range – Typically 300 mAh to 2,000 mAh for vape‑grade cells, though custom packs can exceed 3,000 mAh. The reduced thickness is compensated by stacking cells in parallel or series.
- Discharge Capability – High‑C cells (20 A‑30 A) are common, supporting the power draw of pod‑systems that run at 15‑30 W.
- Pros – Flexible shape enables ultra‑thin, ergonomic designs (e.g., the IGET Bar Plus or ALIBARBAR flat‑box models). Better resistance to swelling, and a slightly lower internal resistance leads to smoother power delivery.
- Cons – Slightly lower energy density per gram compared with cylindrical Li‑ion, higher cost per mAh, and a greater sensitivity to over‑charging if the charge controller is sub‑par.
1.3 When One Is Preferred Over the Other
- Device Size & Portability – Flat‑box and pod‑type vapes typically favor Li‑Po because the battery can be spread across the internal chassis, creating a slimmer silhouette. High‑capacity box mods that target sub‑ohm enthusiasts often opt for 18650/21700 Li‑ion cells because they provide greater watt‑hour (Wh) capacity in a single unit.
- Power Demands – Sub‑ohm coils (≤0.2 Ω) draw 30 A or more; high‑performance Li‑ion cells with a 30 A continuous rating are common. For moderate‑wattage pod systems (15‑25 W), Li‑Po cells are more than adequate.
- User Preference – Vapers who value replaceability prefer cylindrical Li‑ion cells because they can be swapped out with aftermarket batteries. Those who want a sealed, disposable experience gravitate toward integrated Li‑Po packs.
2. Battery Form Factors in the Vaping World
| Form Factor | Typical Dimensions (mm) | Typical Capacity (mAh) | Common Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18650 | 18 × 65 | 2,200‑3,500 | Box mods, high‑wattage devices |
| 20700 | 20 × 70 | 3,000‑4,200 | Larger mods, high‑capacity builds |
| 21700 | 21 × 70 | 4,000‑5,000 | “Future‑proof” mods, dual‑cell setups |
| 18350 | 18 × 35 | 650‑1,200 | Compact pen‑type vapes |
| 14500 | 14 × 50 | 300‑600 | Mini‑pods, low‑power devices |
| Li‑Po Sheet | Variable, often 80‑120 × 20‑30 | 300‑2,000 | Disposable sticks, ultra‑slim pod kits |
| Integrated 1‑Cell (e.g., in disposable vapes) | Custom | 150‑500 (equivalent) | Disposable e‑cigs, low‑cost starter kits |
- Dual‑Cell Configurations – Many box mods combine two 18650 cells in series (2S) to achieve a nominal voltage of 7.2 V (3.6 V × 2). This higher voltage allows the device to reach 100 W+ without stepping up the voltage via a boost converter, improving efficiency and reducing heat.
- Triple‑Cell Setups – Some “high‑capacity” devices adopt a 3S configuration (3 × 18650) for a nominal 10.8 V, permitting even higher wattage while keeping the current draw within safe limits for each cell.
3. Safety Circuits: The Unsung Heroes
Any battery placed in a vape must be protected against four primary hazards: over‑charge, over‑discharge, short‑circuit, and excessive temperature. Modern devices embed a Battery Management System (BMS) or at least a “protective board” that monitors each parameter.
3.1 Over‑Charge Protection
Most vape chargers stop at 4.2 V per cell. The protective circuit cuts off current once this threshold is reached, preventing lithium plating and the formation of metallic lithium dendrites that can cause internal shorts. Some high‑end mods use a “trickle charge” mode that holds the battery at 4.1‑4.15 V to reduce stress on the cell.
3.2 Over‑Discharge Protection
Vaping coils can draw upwards of 30 A. If a battery is allowed to fall below ~2.5 V, the electrolyte can degrade, leading to capacity loss and potential thermal runaway. Protective circuits disconnect the load when the voltage dips beneath the safe limit, and many devices flash a warning icon or beep to alert the user.
3.3 Short‑Circuit Protection
A short across the terminals can cause catastrophic current spikes. Internal resistance within the protective board shunts excess current away from the cell, limiting the peak to a safe level (often < 10 A). In external short scenarios, a fuse embedded in the device blows, requiring replacement of the entire unit.
3.4 Temperature Sensing
Thermistors placed near the cell monitor temperature. If the battery exceeds a preset limit (usually 60 °C for Li‑ion, 55 °C for Li‑Po), the device throttles power or cuts off completely. This feature is especially crucial for low‑ohm coils that produce high heat.
3.5 Regulation Compliance (Australia’s TGO 110)
The TGO 110 regulation mandates that every vape sold in Australia must incorporate a protective circuit that prevents operation beyond 30 W, limits voltage to a maximum of 5 V for disposable devices, and provides a built‑in child‑proof lock. IGET and ALIBARBAR devices sold through authorized Australian retailers adhere strictly to these standards, ensuring compliance and user safety.
4. Battery Capacity vs. Vaping Experience
Many vapers equate a larger mAh rating with a better experience, but the relationship is more nuanced. Capacity determines how many watt‑hours (Wh) are available, which translates directly into the number of puffs you can expect before recharging.
4.1 Calculating Watt‑Hours
[
text{Wh} = frac{text{Voltage (V)} times text{Capacity (mAh)}}{1000}
]
- Example: A 3,000 mAh 18650 cell at 3.7 V yields ((3.7 × 3000)/1000 = 11.1 Wh).
- If a device runs at 20 W, the theoretical runtime before the battery reaches its cut‑off voltage is (frac{11.1 Wh}{20 W} ≈ 0.555) hours, or roughly 33 minutes of continuous draw.
4.2 Real‑World Puff Count
A typical puff consumes about 0.02 Wh for a 4 W pod or 0.07 Wh for a 30 W sub‑ohm setup. Using the previous 11.1 Wh example:
- At 4 W: (11.1 ÷ 0.02 ≈ 555) puffs.
- At 30 W: (11.1 ÷ 0.07 ≈ 159) puffs.
This demonstrates why the same battery can produce vastly different puff counts depending on the device’s power setting.
4.3 Balancing Capacity with Weight & Size
A 4,500 mAh 21700 adds roughly 30 g of weight compared with a 2,200 mAh 18650, which can affect hand‑feel and portability. Vapers who prioritize endurance (long “marathon” sessions) may accept the extra bulk, while those who need a discreet, pocket‑friendly device often select a 1,500 mAh Li‑Po pack.
5. Replaceable vs. Integrated Batteries
5.1 Replaceable Batteries
- Advantages
- Longevity – You can swap a deteriorating cell with a fresh one, extending the whole device’s life.
- Cost Efficiency – High‑quality batteries can be purchased for $7‑$15 each, cheaper than buying a new device each year.
- Versatility – Users can match a battery’s discharge rating to their coil setup (e.g., 20 A for moderate vaping, 30 A for aggressive sub‑ohm).
- Disadvantages
- Maintenance – Requires proper storage, periodic inspection for swelling, and careful handling of contacts.
- Safety Risks – Inexperienced users may accidentally install a low‑quality or counterfeit cell, increasing fire risk.
5.2 Integrated (Non‑Replaceable) Batteries
- Advantages
- Simplicity – No need to manage separate cells; just charge the device and go.
- Slim Profile – Battery can be shaped to fill the interior of the device, enabling ultra‑thin designs (e.g., IGET Bar Plus, ALIBARBAR disposable vapes).
- Safety – Manufacturers can tightly control the cell’s quality, protecting against counterfeit parts.
- Disadvantages
- Finite Lifespan – Once the built‑in battery depletes beyond safe capacity (usually after 600‑1,200 cycles), the entire unit must be replaced.
- Higher Cost Over Time – The convenience comes at the price of recurring purchases of new devices.
6. Charging Practices That Extend Battery Life
Even the most robust protective circuitry cannot compensate for careless charging habits. Below are evidence‑based guidelines for maximizing the life of both Li‑ion and Li‑Po batteries in vapes.
| Practice | Reasoning | Recommended Action |
|---|---|---|
| Use the supplied charger | Chargers are tuned to the device’s voltage and current limits, preventing over‑current situations. | Never use a generic USB charger that exceeds 5 V/2 A unless it’s explicitly marked as “compatible”. |
| Avoid 100 % charge cycles constantly | Full charge stresses the electrode lattice, accelerating capacity loss. | Aim for a 20 %–80 % charge window for daily use; full charge only when the battery is near empty. |
| Do not let the battery drop below 10 % | Deep discharge causes electrolyte depletion and growth of solid‑electrolyte interphase (SEI). | Recharge the device before the low‑battery warning appears. |
| Store at 40 %‑60 % if not used for long periods | This state minimizes stress on both cathode and anode materials. | Place the device in a cool, dry place; avoid leaving it in a hot car or refrigerator. |
| Keep temperature below 30 °C while charging | Elevated temperatures increase internal resistance, leading to heat buildup and potential runaway. | Charge the device on a flat, insulated surface away from direct sunlight. |
| Replace swollen cells immediately | Swelling indicates gas generation inside the cell, a precursor to venting or explosion. | Stop using the device, remove the battery (if replaceable), and dispose of it according to local regulations. |
7. The Role of Battery C‑Rating in High‑Wattage Vaping
The C‑rating describes how quickly a battery can safely discharge relative to its capacity. It is calculated as:
[
text{C‑rating} = frac{text{Maximum Continuous Discharge Current (A)}}{text{Capacity (Ah)}}
]
A 2,500 mAh (2.5 Ah) battery with a 15 A continuous rating has a C‑rating of 6 C.
7.1 Matching C‑Rating to Coil Resistance
Vape power (P) is governed by Ohm’s law: (P = frac{V^2}{R}). In a 3.7 V device pulling 30 W, the current (I) is:
[
I = frac{P}{V} = frac{30 W}{3.7 V} ≈ 8.1 A
]
If the user drops the resistance to 0.1 Ω, the required current jumps dramatically:
[
I = frac{V}{R} = frac{3.7 V}{0.1 Ω} = 37 A
]
Only batteries rated > 30 C (e.g., a 3,000 mAh cell with a 90 A rating) can sustain such draws without voltage sag or overheating. This is why reputable high‑wattage box mods require the user to certify that the installed batteries meet the minimal discharge rating indicated on the device.
7.2 Real‑World Battery Options
| Battery | Capacity (mAh) | Max Continuous Discharge (A) | Approx. C‑Rating |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sony VTC5A | 2600 | 35 | 13 C |
| LG MJ1 | 3500 | 10 | 2.9 C |
| Samsung 30Q | 3000 | 15 | 5 C |
| EVGA 21700 5000mAh 35A | 5000 | 35 | 7 C |
For sub‑ohm vaping, the VTC5A and EVGA 21700 options provide the margin needed to avoid throttling or overheating, while the MJ1 would be unsuitable for anything below 0.5 Ω.
8. Environmental Considerations and Recycling
Vaping batteries, like all lithium‑based cells, pose a recycling challenge. Improper disposal can release hazardous chemicals into soil and water. Several initiatives in Australia, including the “National Battery Recycling Scheme,” accept used vape batteries at retail locations and designated recycling centers.
- Step‑by‑Step Recycling
- Discharge – Allow the battery to sit until voltage drops below 2.5 V (or use a dedicated discharge tool).
- Wrap – Cover the terminals with non‑conductive tape to prevent accidental shorting.
- Bag – Place the battery in a sealed plastic bag.
- Drop‑off – Bring it to a participating store (e.g., IGET & ALIBARBAR authorized retailers) or a municipal recycling point.
Recycling not only mitigates environmental impact but also reduces the demand for newly mined lithium, contributing to a more sustainable vaping ecosystem.
9. Common Myths About Vape Batteries – Debunked
| Myth | Reality |
|---|---|
| “All vape batteries are the same; only the brand matters.” | Battery chemistry, cell size, and discharge rating vary widely. Choosing the correct cell based on coil resistance and desired wattage is essential. |
| “Higher mAh always means longer life.” | Capacity influences endurance but does not affect the ability to deliver high current. A high‑capacity low‑C cell may struggle with sub‑ohm setups. |
| “You can charge a vape battery with any USB charger.” | Only chargers that deliver the correct voltage (5 V) and a safe current (≤ 2 A) should be used; fast chargers without proper regulation can over‑charge and damage the cell. |
| “If a battery is not swelling, it’s safe.” | Internal dendrite formation can occur without visible swelling, especially after many charge cycles. Regular voltage monitoring and adherence to protective circuit warnings are still needed. |
| “Disposable vapes use cheap, unsafe batteries.” | Reputable manufacturers like IGET and ALIBARBAR source high‑grade Li‑Po cells that meet ISO and TGO 110 standards. Cheap off‑brand disposables may compromise on safety, so purchase from authorized retailers. |
10. Selecting the Right Battery for Your Vaping Style
Below is a decision‑tree framework to help you identify the optimal battery configuration based on usage patterns.
-
Determine Your Average Power Draw
- < 10 W – Beginner pod systems, nicotine salts.
- 10‑30 W – Mid‑range vape pens, moderate sub‑ohm.
-
30 W – Advanced box mods, high‑sub‑ohm (> 0.2 Ω).
-
Choose Form Factor
- Pod/Pen (< 10 W) – Li‑Po integrated pack (300‑800 mAh).
- Pen/Box (10‑30 W) – 18650 or 20700 replaceable cells (2,500‑3,500 mAh).
- High‑Wattage (> 30 W) – Dual‑cell (2S) 18650 or 21700, or a 3S configuration for extreme setups.
-
Match Discharge Rating
- 0.4‑0.6 Ω coils – Minimum 10 A continuous (≈ 12 C for a 1,200 mAh cell).
- 0.2‑0.4 Ω coils – Minimum 20 A continuous (≈ 10 C for a 2,000 mAh cell).
- < 0.2 Ω coils – Minimum 30 A continuous (≥ 6 C for a 3,000 mAh cell).
-
Consider Longevity vs. Portability
- Long Sessions, Minimal Charging – Larger capacity (4,000‑5,000 mAh) 21700 cells, dual‑cell mods.
- Travel‑Friendly – 14500 or thin Li‑Po packs that fit snugly in pocket‑sized devices.
-
Check Brand Compatibility
- Some devices (e.g., IGET Bar Plus) are locked to proprietary Li‑Po packs; attempting to replace them with external cells voids warranty and may breach safety standards.
- Box mods from brands like Smok, Voopoo, or Lost Vape accept standard 18650/21700 cells, provided they have the appropriate safety circuitry.
11. Practical Maintenance Checklist
| Frequency | Action | Why It Matters |
|---|---|---|
| Daily | Verify battery voltage via device read‑out; ensure it stays above 3.2 V before vaping. | Prevents accidental deep discharge. |
| Weekly | Inspect terminals for corrosion; clean with a dry cloth if needed. | Maintains low resistance connections, reduces heat. |
| Monthly | Perform a “balance check” using a dedicated charger that can display individual cell voltage in multi‑cell packs. | Guarantees cells remain evenly charged, extending pack life. |
| Quarterly | Run a “load test” at low wattage (5‑10 W) and monitor voltage sag; excessive sag indicates aging. | Early detection of capacity loss to replace before failure. |
| Annually | Replace any battery older than 2‑3 years, even if still functional, as aging electrolytes can become unstable. | Reduces risk of thermal runaway. |
12. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: Can I mix different brands or capacities of batteries in a dual‑cell mod?
A: Technically you can, but it is not recommended. Mismatched cells will charge at different rates, leading to uneven wear and possible over‑discharge of the weaker cell. Always use identical cells (same brand, capacity, and C‑rating) for safety and optimal performance.
Q2: Is it safe to use a charger that supports fast charging (e.g., 2 A) on a Li‑Po vape battery?
A: Only if the charger is specifically designed for the battery’s chemistry and has a built‑in BMS that limits the current to the cell’s safe maximum (often 0.5 C to 1 C). Most vape‑specific chargers operate at 1 A for 18650 cells, which is well within safe limits.
Q3: What does “protected” vs. “unprotected” mean on battery listings?
A: Protected cells contain an internal protective PCB that monitors voltage, current, and temperature, cutting off power when limits are exceeded. Unprotected cells lack this safeguard and rely entirely on the device’s external circuitry. For vaping, protected cells are strongly advised.
Q4: How many charge cycles can I expect from a typical vape battery?
A: Modern Li‑ion and Li‑Po cells retain ~80 % of their original capacity after 300‑500 full cycles (a full cycle = 100 % discharge to 0 % recharge). With moderate charging habits (20‑80 % window), this number can extend to 600‑800 cycles.
Q5: Are there any legal restrictions on battery size for vapes in Australia?
A: Yes. Under TGO 110, devices must not exceed 100 Wh for portable use without special approval. This effectively caps the combined capacity of interchangeable cells (e.g., two 18650 cells at 3.7 V × 3 Ah each = 22.2 Wh). Larger packs are allowed only in stationary or “tank‑style” devices that are not marketed as portable vapes.
13. Real‑World Case Study: IGET Bar Plus & ALIBARBAR Disposable Vapes
Both IGET and ALIBARBAR have built their Australian reputation on delivering reliable, compliant products. Let’s examine the battery architecture behind two of their flagship models.
13.1 IGET Bar Plus
- Battery Type – Integrated Li‑Po sheet, 750 mAh, 3.7 V nominal.
- Design Goal – Offer up to 6,000 puffs without user‑replaceable cells.
- Safety Circuit – Embedded BMS with over‑charge cut‑off at 4.2 V, over‑discharge at 2.8 V, and temperature sensor limiting draw to 30 W max.
- Performance – At a typical output of 12 W (nicotine‑salt formulation), the device delivers roughly 0.04 Wh per puff, translating to ≈ 18,750 puffs in theory; real‑world testing shows 5,500‑6,000 puffs due to efficiency losses and battery aging.
13.2 ALIBARBAR Disposable (e.g., “Fruit Blast”)
- Battery Type – Integrated Li‑Po, 600 mAh, 3.7 V nominal.
- Power Output – Fixed at 13 W (auto‑draw triggered).
- Safety Features – Passive safety: a simple polymer cut‑off that disengages when voltage drops below 2.9 V. No active BMS, but the low wattage and short usage session minimize risk.
- Longevity – Expected to last 800‑1,000 puffs under normal draw, aligning with the advertised “up to 1,000 puffs” claim.
Both models illustrate how manufacturers balance battery size, safety, and user convenience. The IGET Bar Plus uses a higher‑capacity Li‑Po pack and a more sophisticated BMS to support a broader puff count, while the ALIBARBAR disposable opts for a smaller pack with a simpler safety approach because its power envelope is fixed and modest.
14. Future Trends: Emerging Battery Technologies for Vaping
The vape industry continues to explore alternatives that could increase energy density, reduce charge time, and improve safety.
- Solid‑State Lithium Batteries – Replace liquid electrolyte with a solid ceramic or polymer. Pros: higher energy density, intrinsic safety (no flammable liquid). Cons: still in early commercialization; cost remains prohibitive for mass‑market vaping.
- Lithium‑Titanate (LTO) Cells – Offer ultra‑fast charging (as low as 10 minutes) and excellent cycle life (> 5,000 cycles). Voltage is lower (2.4 V nominal), requiring step‑up converters that add inefficiency – not ideal for high‑wattage vaping yet.
- Graphene‑Enhanced Anodes – Research shows up to 30 % capacity boost and improved thermal conductivity, potentially reducing hot‑spot formation during intense draws.
- Modular Battery Packs with Integrated BMS – Upcoming box mods are pre‑wired with swappable modules that automatically calibrate discharge rates, removing the user’s need to match C‑ratings manually.
While these innovations are promising, current regulatory frameworks (e.g., TGO 110) will need to adapt before they become mainstream. Vapers should continue to rely on proven Li‑ion and Li‑Po technologies for now, ensuring that any new product is certified by an accredited testing body.
15. Bottom Line: What Battery Should You Choose?
- For Everyday Nicotine‑Salt Pods (≤ 10 W) – A built‑in Li‑Po pack of 300‑800 mAh from a reputable brand offers convenience, safety, and enough energy for a day’s use.
- For Mid‑Range Pen‑Style Vapes (10‑30 W) – Replaceable 18650 cells with at least a 10 A discharge rating and 2,500‑3,000 mAh capacity provide a good mix of endurance and portability. Brands like Sony VTC5A, Samsung 30Q, or LG HG2 are solid choices.
- For High‑Power Sub‑Ohm Systems (> 30 W) – Dual‑cell (2S) setups using high‑C 18650 or 21700 cells (e.g., VTC5A, EVGA 21700 5000 mAh 35A) ensure the device can sustain the current without voltage sag, while an external BMS protects against abuse.
- For Disposable Vapes – Trust only authorized retailers (such as IGET & ALIBARBAR’s official Australian storefront) to guarantee that the integrated Li‑Po battery meets ISO and TGO 110 safety standards.
By aligning the battery’s chemistry, capacity, and discharge capability with your vaping style, you protect yourself from hazards, extend device lifespan, and enjoy a more consistent vaping experience.
16. Actionable Takeaways
- Identify your typical wattage and select a battery whose C‑rating comfortably exceeds the required current.
- Prefer protected cells (built‑in BMS) unless your device already includes a robust external circuit.
- Charge with the supplied charger and adopt a 20‑80 % charge window to maximize cycle life.
- Replace any swollen or damaged battery immediately and recycle it responsibly through authorized channels.
- Buy from reputable sources—the IGET & ALIBARBAR flagship store in Australia guarantees compliant batteries, fast shipping, and post‑sale support.
Applying these principles transforms a simple question about battery type into a roadmap for safer, longer‑lasting vaping. Whether you are a beginner exploring nicotine‑salt pods or an experienced cloud‑chaser pushing 150 W boxes, the right battery is the cornerstone of performance and safety.
End of comprehensive guide.